Indicating mechanism.



A. PRISGH. INDIGATING MEGHANISM.

APPLICATION FILED APE. 1, 1912.

Patented Oct. 15, 1912.

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To. dit when; it may coiicem Aci .aen ofithef Sw s Republi "at'lw 0. l jlcllersb 'have.,'invented'[certain new and usefullm- AUGUST Faison, or Ztinroii, snfrraiintsiin" Iniizciisriiief iviEct-iaiiisi/i.

. Appiieatibn nieu Api-ii i, i912, sei-milio. s873637.

Specification of LsttersPat-Jnt.

Patented oasis, raie.

AUGUST Faison, al

Bey it known ltha proveniente in IndicatingvMechanism, of which the tollowingzfisa specification.

n This invention relates to indicating appa- -r-atus for representing' physical phenomena 'oi' events constituted oftwo motions occurring,- in a coordinate system with Vaxes at right angles insucli a manner that the prog'- ress ofthe said physical phenomena or .events l'can be directly observed. Such eventsare,y for example', the conditions of 'steanifand gases in the power cylinder of engines and the like during a piston stroke,

thechanges in the M. F. in alternating currents during a period and others.`

The present invention has for object impi'oved apparatusfor the representation of jsiich phenomena or events, and consists substantially'in arrangingelect-ric conductors so as to form the fabscisste and ordinates ofv the coordinate system, and .causing electric sparks to jump between these conductors in such manner that the line of sparks alters f its position ink conformity 'to the movements .'li'iii'i'iiious line' repres'e to be represented. The line of sparks is visible to the eye andk owing to the rapid successioinof the; sparltsithey appear as a ngfthe Yp ogressof thephysical eventsl l their 'operation is diflicult, while the known types ,of `device in which electric sparks are employed do not represent theevents in visible manner as theyv occur, butnierely trace the curveor diagram on an inserted sheet of paper for the, purpose of subse quent inspection. There is no apparatus vknown to me, however, by meansof which the conditions of steam and' gases in the power cylinders. of engines and the like, the flow of alternating, currents in respect to instantaneous E. M. F.s, phase displacements,

Aand the like, can'be directly observed as ,andy residingY v A n M :int rcrossii'igfcoi.1-v i ductrors rmay 'be arrangedv as single 4movable vwhich vill correspoiic an enihodiii'ient got' ftlieiinvention yas ap- 'indi torvdiiagrains y .tion't'hroiigh tli'ef' e 'ing appara-tusi;v :Fig i3 is an" .il

so. represented as to bring' out the main features of the invention. The remaining iigures4 illustrate the parts 4several times their vtrue size.'

It two metal bars crossing' each other at rightangles and at a small distance apart are connected at one end, say to the secondary of` a spark coil, :the other t-Wo ends being insulated, at the placeof crossing there will be a chain of sparks. If one bar is moved laterally with a certain velocity corresponding to one of -,the motions of the physical events, while the second bar is similarly moved in conformity with. the other motion, the pointfwhere vtl liain of sparks varises.will varva d i tl infn fcientl-y rapid wil ie "con,tinii'ous :fl-iiniinou escoiirse of lieeveiitsbeing ln carrying out tliisprinciple represented.

useinsteiid ot two movable bars, two groups of parallel Xed metal barsor conductors, the ends of which successively come into contact with other conductors moving,r in the directions of the component motions of the evcnts,.which otherconductors each have one of their yends connected to the secondary terminals of a spark coil, while 4their remaining ends are insulated. The apparatus shown in Figs. l and 3 are built upon this principle.

The apparatus of Fig. l consists essentially ot' a viewing screen ortable 1, with ,groups Q and 3 of crossing conductors, a cylend of a piston rod 6, an electrically insulated disk '7 mounted on the other end of the rod a rod S also carrying' an electrically insulated disk 9 and a spark coil 10 ot pliefd to apparatus for therepresentation ot' embodiment of the in'veiitionas.Y applied to` ingin their proper proportions but rather inder 4r. in which works a piston 5 on thev iii practice it is found preferable `however to c through the openings l.) so as to force in the known type. Thecylinder 1 is in communication by'means of its surrounding' jacket 11 with the working cylinder of the engine or the like on which the experiment is being made, the steam or gas mixture entering at al being admitted behind the piston 5 piston againstthe vtensionof a spring- 12 which draws the piston back to zero position when the iiuid under i'iressure is allowed to escape from the cylinder.

is atmospheric, anl opening c is provided leading from the inside of the cylinder 4 to.

the. outer During the movement ofthe pistou the ldisk 7 slides along with one side in Contact a ith an insulated bar 13 and its other sidein contact with the group 2 of conductors. The` rod 8 is connected through a suitable rrducing gear with the piston rod of the. engine or the like so that the disk 9 performs a reduced copy of the piston motion. one side of the disk sliding in contact with an insulated bar 11i and the otherin contact with the ends of the conductors in groui') The bars 13 and 1st are connected by leads l5 and 16 to the secondary terminals of the spark coil 10 whereby electric sparlrs'jump. across thecrossing place of the conductors in groups 2 and 3 which are instantaneously in contact withthe disks 7 and 0, which sparks owing to the continu- .oas shitting of their origin trace out the' above mentioned .luminous line, forming in .this case the indicator diagram. A suitable viewing screen or table for these lines or curves. in which theconductors 2 and 3 are off-wire. can be made as follows: In F10'.

2. 17 denotes a rectangular plate of glass or other insulator with beveled edges c, f which plate is wound continuously in the same direction with wire of about 0.3 mm.' diameter covered with `an insulatingcoating of enamel of about 0.02 mm. thickness which along the edge f-wiped over by the disk4 9, being melted away as before. One of the two wires is then wound olf so that the distance between the remaining windings is uniform. The winding thus made is firmly attached to the plate 17 by means of an insulating -frame 18 Vand screws g. Finally the ends of the wire are bent upward and kept separate and away from each other by means of an insulating substance r run y lTo insure that' the pressure on. theother side of the piston.`

in in molten condition and allowed to set. Alternating current wave diagrams can be represented 'in a similar manner by connecting to the spark' coil of the apparatus a helically wound insulated conductorvrotatlng synchronously with. the frequency of the alternating current and which comes successively into contact with the ends of T one of the groups of conductors of the view table; whilethe ends of` the second group of conductors are brought into contact with an insulated conductor likewise' connected to the sparklcoil, which conductor is recip-f 'rocated in conformity with the instantane. ous E. ill. lfs of the alternating current. As however the number of alternations in a second is very large7 the mass of the respective conductor must be very small in order that it may be able to follow the alternations. for this reason the conductor must be of special construction and the means Vfor imparting to its motions must besuch that every alternation is immediately and correctly transmitted. This result is obtained in the oscillograph of Fig. aby making the conductor of exceptionally small weight and imparting to it its reciproca.-v tion through the agency of the dilference in pressure between two air columns, generated by the alternating current which is to be represented.

In Fig. 3, 19 is an iron box constituting a bell magnet, 2O and 21 being the poles and 22 the cover. cover there is clamped an iron membrane 23 which forms the connection between the two poles and which can vibrate between the ends 24 and 25 of two' plugs 26, 27 ad iustably screwed in the box and cover. From the spaces in the box in front of and behind the diaphragm 23, tubes 28 and 29 lead to the ends of aboring 30 in a member 31'made of insulating. material, through which boring a thin steel' Wire 32 is centrally stretched. On this wire is loosely threaded a light piston 33 which works in the boring with a small degree of clearance. The sharpened ends of metal strips 34 lie flush with one of the inner walls of the 4boring these metal strips constituting one group of the intercrossingconductors. An annular coil 36 of insulated copper wire is provided for magnetizing the box and is energized with direct current from a battery 35, while a second annular exciting coil 37 is traversed by the alternating current to be represented. The steel wire 32 is in conductive connection with one terminal of the secondary of a spark coil 38, and the other end is' connected to a metal bar 39 which is wound once in a helix around a roller 40 of insulating'mate'- rial. This roller is driven by a motor which revolves synchronously to the frequency of the alternating current to vbe represented. As the roller revolves the bar 39 successivalv Between the box and the 'comesy in contact. with;i the l'likewise pointed ends.; of the `metal strips 41 [composing `the other group or the intercrossing conductors. "lhe'4 ,p1-ugs' v 26- z andvv 2T are 'soVv adjusted that 'netizingofjthe box is retained in exact een:

[area than theltubes,` through which Vopeiii'ngs *aniescape-Solthatiidadi gplace. .'I'Vheii `niit`teitl"nv tf1 compressed. lair of boa,

othfsidesf'of "the "diaphragm 23,v which coldle Ilpressure; y "When"` the alternat-ing'l current sjallowedfto;flowthrough the' coils 87 and whenjthis current is l`in the 'same direction u tlijema'gnetizing current, the' magnetizaonis strengthened,whereby the diaphra islpulled toward lthe Vpole 21 and the air between thediaphragm and theplug 27 madefnarrower. '..This produces a diminutioiifinthe ,Jair "pressure inthe tubeA 29 and l therefore adisplacement of the piston 33t()- jpfwardthi'sl tube.- 4.When the directions of the alternating 'currenty land the magnetizing L currentare opposite,jtb.e diaphragm 33 is rev f' pelledfrom the 'p'ole 21, the air passage on 'Y "airi vpressure in. the. tube -28 diminished, so that. theppist'on is now' pushed over toward fthe tube 28,; As the diaphragm 23 itollows all thechanges infthe current like the diavrphi'agm oi a telephone, fand) creat-es corre` y spending ralternations.of air pressure in the y tubes-28,' and "29fwhi'ch "act upon the ypiston i .1133' asadescribed,sothat the reciprocation of firent.v` fInifits' motion the. piston 33 ,tiransmit-s' -the sparking 'current received itv through fthef lead 32,4 successively to the conductors [34 antlggives rise to the jumping of. sparks at the' crossing. of -the conductors in the f groupsland 41j in which the spark current is .inst aiitaneously'flowing.v The piston 33 is very `small fand'of aluminium S0 that its "-jamotion canfclosely follow the variations in .f 55 thefairfpressure and thus provide a reliable y 'f representation of the corresponding alternafftion's'in they E'. .M. F.: v

A circuitv controlling apparatus like the onejustdescribed andfshown in Fig. 3 at 'n [ends otfconductorsll, and by suitable modicationsvariousditt'erent indicator eiect's I iiiaybe produced.

'.Figs. LLto `6 illustrate a modification of vthediaphragm 23"'tensioned'by the mag-f trai-.position between the two- Iends 24,' 25. ltube-l2` providedfwit-h forked branches hg iiiiinsfholdthe'piston 33 at the pointof mid-f' diagram' of electric sparks.

the `si'deuof lthe pl'ugg26 is narrowed and the .f

: *..ltzhis piston is are'presentation ofthe alterna-v tions-intlie E. MIFL of 4the alternating cur- `paratus and `means .mechanical movement vthe: rightof'tlie viewing table-may be also t provided in connection withv the `opposite y "the viewing-table or screen, which obviously may be used with eitherfof the apparatus described. i Pointed metal stripsfi and insulating strips cof equal breadth are pressed together by means of iron bars Z and insulated ybolts m,- grooves n are milled in .thes'urtace of the .screen or table and metal strips@ vein-- beddedin these grooves, the metal strips being covered Vwith insulating' enamel. The

enamel is melted oft' the viewed tace ot these imetalv strips'lo. means' ofa liotiron sotliat tlietable appear's as a surface .of ,crossing L stri-'ps1of baremetal: embedded in' insulating strips',vk j' yHavi now described n'iyrinvention `what I claim vas:newfan'd desire tose'c'ure by Letters lPatei'itis "1. In indicating apparatusgthccombina "tic-n of j a diagram screen, vtwo series o t' conductors arranged siiibst-antially at' right angles to each other and visibly placed upon said'screen,'sparking apparatus, and means including movable contacts for producing upon said screen a continuous', visible, living 2. In indica-ting apparatus, the combina'- tion cfa diagram screen, two sets of transl."ersely arranged parallel conductors on .the

face of the said screen, sparkingapiviaratus,

ino-vablefcontacts, and means for moving' said contacts in relation to the conductors 4,so that a continuous visible moving diagram 'ol electric'sparks is produced betweensai'd convductors upon the face of the screen. Y

3. In indicating apparatus, the combina# tion of a diagram screen, sets of' transversely arranged parallel conductors thereon, a movable Contact for one set of conductors moving in accordance with one physical condition of a machine to beftested,-another movableA contact ,for the other set of con doctors moving inv accordance with another physical condition in said tested? machine, .and sparking apparatus. ii'heieby a living visible diagram of electric sparks produced '.upon said screen showing conventional moinentairyconditions in said. tested machine. u

4. In indicatingineclianism, the combina- Vtionpt1 -a diagram screen, transversely arranged conductors thereon, sparking apvoperated )ointly bytions in an electric machine to be testedffor changingthe sparking point between said conductors, whereby a living visible diagram of conditions in said machine` is proi-io and electrical condi`- contact for the other set of said conductors, and means actuated by wave amplitude in said clrcuit for moving said lastnamed contact.

6. In indicating mechanism, the combination of a screen, transversely arranged sets of parallel conduct-ors thereon, a movable contact for one set of conductors operated mechanically in accordance with the tre-v quency of the circuit of an electric machine to betested, a movable contact for the other set of conductors, motor means for moving said last -named contact, andmeans actuated by ware amplitude in said circuit for co-ntrolling said motor means.

7. `In indicating mechanism, the combination of a diagram screen, two sets of parallel l conductors arranged at substantially right angles to each other thereon, a movable con- A ance with wave amplitude in said circuit.

8. In` an oscillograph, agroup ot parallel insulated abscissac conductors, a group ot' parallel insulated ordinate conductors arranged at sparking distance from the first group, a sliding contact piston coperating with the ends of the abscissac conductors and' situa-ted; at the point of` middle -pressure of a double air column the two limbs of which are normally balanced, a magnetized box, a diaphragm in the box dividing-the interior of same into two spaces in communication With the limbs ofv the column, adjustable plugs one on each side of the diaphragm and determining a narrow gap between Yeach plug and the diaphragm, amagnet coil traversed by the alternating current to be indicated and adapted to set up vibrations in.

the diaphragm, means for maintaining "a sliding contact piston ductor. i f

' vIn testimony whereof I atiix my signature v in presence of two witnesses.

stream ot compressed air through the system, an insulated conductor coiled in a single helix and coperating with the ends of the ordinate conductors, means for rotating the helix in synchronism with the alternating current, and a spark coil the secondary of which ,is connected to the sliding cont-act piston land to the helical conductor.

9. In an oscillograph, a plate of insulating material; a group oit parallel. abscissze conductors wound on the plate, insulated with enamel, and bared on one face; a group of like similarly wound ordinate conductors arranged with the bai-ed faces at sparking distance from the bared faces of the conductors ot the first group; an insulating .trame binding the plate and conductors into an integralA viewing screen or table; run in insulating substance separating the con` ductors; a sliding contact piston coperating with the ends of the absciss conductors and situated at the point of middle pressure et a double air column, tb two limbs of which are normally balanced; a magnetized box; a diaphagm in the box dividing the interior of same into two spaces in communication with the limbs of the column; adjustable plugs one on cach side of the diaphragm and determiningr a narrow gap betweenl each plug and the'lfdiaphragm; a magnet coil traversed by the alternating current to be indicated and adapt-ed to set up vibrations in the diaphragm; means for maintaining a stream of compressed air through the system; an insulated conductor coiled in a single helix and coperating with the ends of the ordinate conductors; means 'for rotating the helix insynchronism with the alternating current; and a spark coil the secondary of which is connected to the and to the helical cont AUGUST FRISCH. Witnesses (hun GUBBER, lAUGUST RAIEG'G.

Capis'of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, byr addressing the f Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.; 

